Journal of the Persian Gulf (Marine Science)
Volume:9 Issue: 32, Summer 2018

Sound generating human activities so-called “anthropogenic sound” have increased ambient sound levels considerably in aquatic habitats that are markedly diverse in time and space. Sound generating human activities is now recognized as a potential driver of environmental changes in marine habitats. Iran has 750 km coastline along the Caspian Sea located in the north and around 2250 km coastline along the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea located in the south. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning whether anthropogenic sound may cause detrimental impacts in migratory and/or endemic marine mammals but also other taxa in the Persian Gulf. Therefore, here I argue that it is necessary to assess natural ambient sound levels but also sound generating human activities to characterize soundscapes in the Persian Gulf. Moreover, both laboratory and field studies are needed to explore acoustic background and sound impacts on animals. Such a knowledge appear to be useful to identify and address the potential impacts of anthropogenic sound and the underlying mechanisms of these impacts on biodiversity in the Persian Gulf.

Fatty acid composition of fish is one of the key factors for the evaluation of fish nutritional value and it could be different based on fish species, habitat, nutrition and etc. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the fatty acid composition of five commercially important freshwater fish from the fish market. Studied fish were as follows: Barbell, Luciobarbus pectoralis (Heckel, 1843), Chub, Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus, 1758), Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758), Brond-snout, Chondrostoma regium (Heckel, 1843) and Longspine scraper, Capoeta trutta (Heckel, 1843). The determination of fatty acid contents of the fish fillets has been conducted through Gas-chromatography. Results of the present study showed that Fillets of Luciobarbus pectoralis with 43.49% had the the highest amount of fatty acids and Cyprinus carpio had the highest amount of saturated fat (SAF) of 29.43%, the fillets of Luciobarbus pectoralis had the highest MUFA (Monounsaturated fatty acid) with 18.51%, fillets of Squalius cephalus with 1.87% had the highest amount of PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid), fillets of Chondrostoma regium with 1.1% had the highest omega 6, and the fillets of Squalius cephalus had the highest omega 3 (1.87%). The results of the present study revealed that freshwater fish are good sources of n-3 fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA, and could be considered as a valuable source of nutritional ingredients.

The effect of delayed icing on the quality of banana shrimp (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis) was investigated by determining sensory, physicochemical (pH, TVB-N and WHC), microbial (TMC, total mesophilic counts and TPC, total psychrophilic counts) and microstructure aspects over 20 days during ice storage. The fresh shrimp stored in the immediately iced after caught (lot I) were organoleptically acceptable for 12-13 days while a 2 h delay in icing (lot II) shortened the shelf life up to 8-9 days. Physicochemical indexes showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in both samples during the ice storage time. TMC values remained under the limited acceptability until the end of storage while TPC reached to limited acceptability after 8 and 12 days in 2 h delayed and immediately iced samples respectively. The recognition of the muscle fibres in 2 delayed iced samples was very difficult after 8 days of storage time, while disintegration of myofibrils was observed in immediately iced after 12 days.

 According to the World Health Organization in 2007, peoplechr('39')s vulnerability to severe, rapid and new threats to their health security must be reduced. Because most people today feel insecure about worries about their daily lives, it is essential to create a new environment in which health security becomes a basic concern for all. Meanwhile, the marine crew needs special attention due to the difficult working conditions and the unity of their work and living environment. In this regard, the International Labor Organization, with the ratification of the Maritime Labor Convention 2006, which entered into force in 2013, used international labor standards to harmonize these standards with the concerns and needs of the shipchr('39')s crew. Article 4 of the Convention addresses the issue of health protection for shipchr('39')s crew. In this article, after examining the concept of health security and its place in international regulations, we intend to address this concept in maritime work. Since the safe world in the face of threats to health security requires the cooperation of all countries and relevant agencies, we are going to analyze state’s commitments in this regard and available guarantee in the case of breach of obligations.

Growing global demand for energy, result in depletion of easily access source of fossil fuels. To fulfillment of this huge demand, oil and gas industry expanded to develop offshore oil and gas reservoirs in recent years, which made environmental management challenging. IRAN owns one of the biggest offshore gas reservoir in PERSIAN GULF with high geopolitical and financial importance. Along the exploration and production of oil and gas, different environmental impacts may occur including indirect & direct physical disturbances, which highlight the importance of green supply chain management. Beside the environmental issues, due to heavy investment on south pars gas field, risk assessment is an inherent part of supply chain management. To mitigate the risk and overcome successfully with disturbances the term of “resiliency “has recently attracted much attention among supply chain managers. In the field of supply chain management, resiliency may be explicated as the ability of supply chains to return to normal conditions after a disruption. The focus of this study is to enhance the level of greenness and resiliency of natural gas supply chain in IRAN. For this purpose, a local natural gas supply chain, which encompasses 3 gas well platforms, 5 refineries and 6 compressor stations is considered. A fuzzy MCDM method is then used to indicate the level of resiliency and greenness of each entity in natural gas supply chain. finally the facilities with higher GRI (Green-Resilient Index) is proposed to remain in chain. The results show that the proposed technique can be used as a tool for organizations to evaluate a supply chain network structure regarding the greenness & resilience aspects.